Results graphs from SimaPro

1-Day graph of Drexel emissions

1-Day graph of Berkeley emissions

Berkeley Power Mix

http://www.pge.com/about/environment/pge/cleanenergy/

this is where UC berkeley gets its electricity

The last two weeks for us have been gathering research on Drexel and Berkeley and also using the program SimaPro.

Some of the key research was getting college freshmen from the two schools to fill out our surveys. About 75 freshmen from Drexel responded while 22 students from Berkeley completed the quiz. All of our individual research will be compiled and then used in the SimaPro program.

As for SimaPro, we learned the basics last week. This program will be used to calculate the exact emissions of each activity that a freshman student would do in a day at one of those two universities. The emissions of all the activities will then be compiled to get the exact emissions.

Surveys

The two surveys, one for Drexel and one for UC Berkeley, can be found at the following links:

http://kwiksurveys.com?u=drexel_fr_carbon_footprint

http://kwiksurveys.com?u=berkeley_fr_carbon_footprint

EDIT: The surveys have been fixed.

Links

http://www.ecdms.energy.ca.gov/

I found this link to the California consumption of electricity and gas emissions for each county. However, it only goes up to 2010 so it is not completely up to date.

http://berkeley.openbms.org/map/

This shows the power consumption by day of specific buildings on Berkeley's campus.

http://new.openbms.org/plot/

This is sort of the same thing.

Berkeley Sustainability

Energy & Climate 

The University has made great progress on climate action by completing an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and formalizing its commitment to reduce these emissions to 1990 levels by 2014.  The campus will meet its 2014 target through a series of mitigation strategies including energy efficiency projects, installation of on-site renewables, reducing fuel usage by the campus fleet and commuters, and educational projects led by students aimed at changing behavior. So far, strategies are working. Campus greenhouse gas emissions were down by 4.5%- reaching its lowest level since 2005. 

Water

Even without a campus-wide water conservation target campus consumption has dropped by almost 20% since 1990. More notably, usage per capita has dropped by over 36% since 1990. Most of this improvement can be attributed to the increased efficiency of irrigation, implementation of building codes related to low-flow fixtures, and improvements during building renovations. Tap water campaigns have reduced bottled water sales by at least 25%.

Green Buildings

The campus now has 5 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified building projects. The campus has plans to certify eighteen more buildings under the New Construction (NC), Commercial Interiors (CI), or Existing Building Operations and Maintenance (EBOM) standards. The campus employs a variety of sustainable maintenance practices including green cleaning methods and non-toxic methods to control pests. Student-run Building Sustainability @ Cal has developed additional sustainability plans for at least 25 campus buildings.  

Waste

UC Berkeley’s current solid waste diversion rate is 42% (excluding construction waste). Waste going to the landfill dropped by 12% in 2009 while per capita waste has dropped by almost 30% since 1990, while the amount being recycled and/or composted has more than tripled.

Purchasing

The campus spent $6.1 million spent on green purchasing from 2008-2009. Two-thirds went towards Energy Star and/or EPEAT certified electronics, and one-quarter went to recycled-content offices and supplies.

Transportation 

Since 1990, the campus has reduced the amount of fuel used in fleet vehicles and during faculty, staff, and student commutes by at least 28.7%. This met and exceeded our goal of 25%. 100% of fleet vehicles purchased this past year were green, bringing the green fleet to almost 18% of the total.%. Campus Bicycle Plan has increased riders by 20% in four years (5,100 daily riders).

Food & Dining

The University of California system has recently adopted a new policy on sustainable foodservices practices. Cal Dining has increased its percentage of sustainable food purchases by almost 3 points in the past year (26.8%, exceeding the campus goal). Nearly all plastic trays have been eliminated, and Cal Dining offers 100% organic salad bars in all four dining commons and has also partnered with "Buy Fresh Buy Local”.

source

http://sustainability.berkeley.edu/pages/energy/overview.shtml

Drexel Sustainability

100% WIND POWER In 2002, Drexel became one of the first universities to purchase wind generated energy. In 2006, Drexel entered into a contract with PECO Wind, to purchase wind energy directly linked to the Exelon-Community Energy Wind Farms located in the PJM Interconnection, supplying Drexel with 4,000.8 MWH per year, which translated into approximately 7.92% of Drexel's total annual electric use. In 2008, Drexel entered into a contract with Community Energy, Inc. to purchase energy linked to the PJM Interconnection, which translated into 12.9% of Drexel’s total annual use; the University increased its purchase to 30% of its total annual electric usage the following year. In 2010, Drexel entered into a new agreement with Community Energy to purchase Renewable Energy Certificates equal to 100% of the University’s total energy use (84,268 MWH) starting in January 2011, making Drexel one of the top 50 purchasers of wind energy in the nation and top five university purchasers in the nation according to the 2010 EPA Green Power Partnership Rankings.

CO2 EMMISSIONS AVOIDANCE Through University energy conservation activities, more than 1,802,087 pounds of CO grid- emissions are avoided annually from reducing use of 1,201,391 kWh of electricity on campus via building automation computers and equipment upgrades/replacement. From Wind Generated Electricity, 5,348,305 pounds of CO2 grid-emissions are avoided annually by purchasing the output of a single wind turbine or 1.5 Mega Watts. Combined, 7,150,392 pounds of CO2 emissions are avoided annually, with a substantial amount of SO2 and NOx emissions avoided as well.

FOSSIL FUEL AVOIDANCE Between purchasing wind energy and using advanced building controls, Drexel typically saves annually 3,134,341 kWh of electricity, which equates to 1,136 barrels of oil saved (18 barrels of crude oil for every 10,000 kWh) or 297 tons of coal saved (4.7 tons of coal for every 10,000 kWh).

GREEN CLEANING PRODUCTS About 75% of cleaning products used by University Facilities are considered environmentally friendly.

SOLAR TECHNOLOGY 19 Big Belly solar-powered trash compactors and recycling units reduce the University’s carbon footprint and encourage recycling.

http://www.drexel.edu/green/about_facts.html

http://www.drexel.edu/green/downloads/pdf/tips/CarbonFootprint.pdf 

this is a pdf of how to reduce carbon footprint while being a student at drexel

Average Water Usage

Showers are required by Federal American law to use less than 2.5 gallons per minute.
The average shower uses about 7-8 gallons per five minutes.

A normal toilet uses anywhere from  3.5-7 gallons per flush.

Standard sink faucets use 1.3-2 gallons per minute.

http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/pubs/indoor.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_many_gallons_of_water_per_minute_does_the_average_shower_use
http://www.cornerstonesmud.com/id46.htm
http://sogweb.sog.unc.edu/Water/index.php/Household_Water_Efficiency:_Faucets

Per capita carbon emissions

In general,

Per capita carbon emissions from transportation and residential energy use in 2005. Philadelphia is in the rank of 27 which produce 2.14 tons of Carbon in 2005, and the Philadelphia still promote continuity.

Metropolitan Area	Rank	Per Capita Carbon Footprint in Metric Tons
Honolulu, HI	1	1.36
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA	2	1.41
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA	3	1.45
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA	4	1.50
Boise City-Nampa, ID	5	1.51
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA	6	1.56
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA	7	1.57
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA	8	1.59
El Paso, TX	9	1.61
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA	10	1.63
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA	11	1.75
Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, CA	12	1.77
Greenville, SC	13	1.86
Rochester, NY	14	1.91
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI	15	1.97
Tucson, AZ	17	2.00
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV	18	2.01
Stockton, CA	19	2.02
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH	20	2.02
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ	21	2.07
Fresno, CA	22	2.08
Lancaster, PA	23	2.09
New Haven-Milford, CT	24	2.10
Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY	25	2.13
Colorado Springs, CO	26	2.13
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD	27	2.14
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL	28	2.16
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA	29	2.16
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT	30	2.18
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH	31	2.24
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA	32	2.26
San Antonio, TX	33	2.27
Pittsburgh, PA	34	2.28
Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX	35	2.29
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC	36	2.34
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI	37	2.35
Albuquerque, NM	38	2.36
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ	39	2.36
Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA	40	2.37
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT	41	2.38
Denver-Aurora, CO	42	2.39
Charleston-North Charleston, SC	43	2.43
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI	44	2.44
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI	45	2.44
Springfield, MA	46	2.45
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL	47	2.50
Baton Rouge, LA	48	2.51
Worcester, MA	49	2.52
Salt Lake City, UT	50	2.52
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY	51	2.52
Columbia, SC	52	2.53
Bakersfield, CA	53	2.54
Orlando, FL	54	2.55
Austin-Round Rock, TX	55	2.57
Greensboro-High Point, NC	56	2.58
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX	57	2.58
Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME	58	2.60
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL	59	2.60
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI	60	2.61
Durham, NC	61	2.61
Akron, OH	62	2.64
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre, PA	63	2.66
Trenton-Ewing, NJ	63	2.66
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA	65	2.68
Wichita, KS	66	2.68
Syracuse, NY	67	2.68
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA	67	2.68
Baltimore-Towson, MD	69	2.71
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL	70	2.74
Lansing-East Lansing, MI	71	2.75
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC	72	2.76
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA	73	2.76
Des Moines, IA	74	2.77
Dayton, OH	75	2.77
Raleigh-Cary, NC	76	2.80
Memphis, TN-MS-AR	77	2.87
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC	78	2.89
Birmingham-Hoover, AL	79	2.90
Jacksonville, FL	80	2.91
Madison, WI	81	2.91
Sarasota-Bradenton-Venice, FL	81	2.91
Columbus, OH	83	2.95
Kansas City, MO-KS	84	2.97
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR	85	3.01
Richmond, VA	86	3.04
Jackson, MS	87	3.06
Chattanooga, TN-GA	88	3.11
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV	89	3.12
Tulsa, OK	90	3.12
Knoxville, TN	91	3.13
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA	92	3.19
Oklahoma City, OK	93	3.20
St. Louis, MO-IL	94	3.22
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro, TN	95	3.22
Louisville, KY-IN	96	3.23
Toledo, OH	97	3.24
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN	98	3.28
Indianapolis, IN	99	3.36
Lexington-Fayette, KY	100	3.46
Average Footprint for 100 Largest Metros		2.24

And there are the aspects to reduce the carbon footprint.

1.     plastic bags.

2.     water in toilet tank

3.     oral materials.

4.     Green product

5.     Food

6.     Education

7.     Rid toxics in home

8.     Energy efficient

9.     Save energy in laundry room

10.  Solar energy

11.  Recycle

http://green.wikia.com/wiki/How_to_reduce_your_carbon_footprint

Volcano CO₂ Emissions No Match for Human Activity

There is 0.03% CO₂ in the air, but because of the human activity, the CO₂ emission increase intensively. And most of CO₂ is from fossil fuel.

Fossil fuel is the vital reason that I personally believe we should focus on.